Bio-analytical report

Report Example calibration curve

Context

This report evaluates the results of an analytical run according to the EMA Guideline on bioanalytical method validation (Rev.1 Corr.2, 2011). It does not substitute the analytical- or the validation report as key information on the used protocol is not incorporated (e.g. storage conditions, batch numbers, …).
The script was written in R 4.1.0 and formatted with the aid of the rmarkdown package. Documentation and source code of the script can be found at the Github repository of the original author. The report generator can be cited as: De Sutter PJ, Bio-analytical report generator, (2022), GitHub repository, https://github.com/PJDeSutter/Method-Validation

1. Summary

1.1. Procedure

Study data
Study name LMBKA project
Experiment date 2021-05-20
Compound amoxicillin
Matrix plasma
Internal standard (IS) amoxicillin D4
Weighing model 1/X²
Operator Pieter-Jan De Sutter

1.2. Results

Run acceptance criteria (section) Conclusion
Accuracy of calibrators (2.4) accepted
Accuracy of QC samples (3.4) accepted
Precision of QC samples (4.4) accepted
Range: LLOQ (5.1.4) accepted (0.02 µg/mL)
Range: ULLOQ (5.2.4) accepted (2.48 µg/mL)
Carry-over (4.2.4) insignificant carry-over
QC samples in range (4.3.1) accepted for validation, for study samples see section 6.4
Analytical run completeness (6.3) rejected
Summary of study samples
Sample name Fitted concentration Precision (% CV) In calibration range?
Stability_Bench_8days 0.08 1.94 In range
Stability_Freezer_8days 2.28 2.65 In range
Stability_Freezethaw_8days 2.08 2.74 In range
Stability_Fridge_1day 2.17 1.82 In range
Stability_Fridge_8days 1.07 4.07 In range
a concentration units = µg/mL

2. Calibration curve

2.1. Definition

“The calibration curve is the relationship between instrument response and known concentration of the analyte.”

2.2. Acceptance criteria

“The back calculated concentrations of the calibration standards should be within ±15% of the nominal value, except for the LLOQ for which it should be within ±20%. At least 75% of the calibration standards, with a minimum of six, must fulfill this criterion.”
“In case a calibration standard does not comply with these criteria, this calibration standard sample should be rejected, and the calibration curve without this calibration standard should be re-evaluated, including regression analysis”

2.3. Results

2.3.1. Summary table calibrators

Calibration standards
Calibrator Nominal concentration Quantifier analyte Quantifier IS Response Fitted concentration Accuracy (% bias)
CAL01 0.02 4434 95858 0.05 0.02 -1.64
CAL02 0.05 9316 91599 0.10 0.05 7.77
CAL03 0.10 17266 93729 0.18 0.10 -2.53
CAL04 0.25 37317 91904 0.41 0.21 -14.10
CAL05 0.50 76511 88372 0.87 0.45 -8.45
CAL06 0.99 171455 87871 1.95 1.02 3.14
CAL07 1.98 344789 83942 4.11 2.15 8.55
CAL08 2.48 394914 81111 4.87 2.55 2.94
a concentration units = µg/mL

2.3.2. Plots


2.3.3. Calibration curve parameters (diagnositics see section 7.)

  • R² = 0.9916
  • intercept = 0 (SE = 0, N.S.)
  • slope = 0.52 (SE = 0.02, p<0.05)
  • F-statistic (ANOVA) = 709

2.4. Conclusion

  • Number of calibrators outside the applicable tolerance ranges for back-calculated concentration: 0 ( 0% )
    • At least 75% of the calibrators fall inside the tolerance ranges? –> YES
    • At least 6 calibrators fall inside the tolerance ranges –> YES
  • Based on these criteria the calibration curve is accepted

3. Accuracy QC samples

3.1 Definition

Accuracy is the closeness of the determined concentration to the nominal concentration.”

\[ Accuracy\ (bias)= \frac{Concentration_{fitted} - Concentration_{nominal}}{Concentration_{nominal}}*100\]

3.2. Acceptance criteria

Analytical run: Accuracy of the mean fitted concentration should fall within ±15% bias of the nominal values. At least 67% of the QC samples and at least 50% at each concentration level should comply with this criterion.
Method validation: within-run accuracy: minimum of 5 samples at a minimum of 4 concentration levels covering the calibration curve range (see section 5.3). The mean concentration should be within 15% of the nominal values for the QC samples, except for the LLOQ which should be within 20% of the nominal value
Method validation: between-run accuracy: LLOQ, low, medium, high QC samples from at least three runs analysed on at least two different days should be evaluated. The mean concentration should be within 15% of the nominal values for the QC samples, except for the LLOQ which should be within 20% of the nominal value.

3.3. Results

3.3.1. Individual QC samples

Accuracy QC samples: individual samples
QC level Replicate Nominal concentration Quantifier analyte Quantifier IS Response Fitted concentration Accuracy (% bias)
LLOQ 1 0.03 3749 88031 0.04 0.02 -12.90
LLOQ 2 0.03 5017 85983 0.06 0.03 19.11
LLOQ 3 0.03 4614 87471 0.05 0.03 7.75
LOW 1 0.04 7016 85835 0.08 0.04 4.09
LOW 2 0.04 7239 83686 0.09 0.05 10.14
LOW 3 0.04 7566 86299 0.09 0.05 11.62
MID 1 0.41 73389 86904 0.84 0.44 7.28
MID 2 0.41 70189 85028 0.83 0.43 4.86
MID 3 0.41 75202 84358 0.89 0.47 13.24
HIGH 1 2.32 338570 82132 4.12 2.16 -6.92
HIGH 2 2.32 386393 79008 4.89 2.56 10.42
HIGH 3 2.32 401925 80051 5.02 2.63 13.36
a concentration units = µg/mL

3.3.2. QC levels

Accuracy QC samples: level means
QC level Nominal concentration Mean fitted concentration Accuracy (% bias)
LLOQ 0.03 0.03 4.65
LOW 0.04 0.04 8.62
MID 0.41 0.45 8.46
HIGH 2.32 2.45 5.62
a concentration units = µg/mL

3.4. Conclusion (analytical run)

  • Amount of QC samples outside the applicable tolerance ranges for accuracy: 0 ( 0% )
    • At least 67% of the QC samples complies with tolerance ranges for accuracy? –> YES
    • At least 50% of the QC samples at each QC level complies with the tolerance ranges for accuracy? –> YES
  • Amount of QC levels outside the applicable tolerance ranges for accuracy: 0 ( 0% )
    • All QC levels fall inside the applicable tolerance ranges for accuracy ? –> YES
  • Based on these 3 accuracy criteria the accuracy of the QC samples is accepted

4. Precision QC samples

4.1. Definition

Precision is the closeness of repeated individual meassures of the analyte.”

\[ Precision\ (\% CV)= \frac{Standard\ deviation_{fitted\ concentration }}{Mean_{fitted\ concentration}}*100\]

4.2. Acceptance criteria

Analytical run: The coefficient of variation (CV) on the replicates should be less than 15% CV for each QC level.
Method validation: within-run precision: minimum of 5 samples at a minimum of 4 concentration levels covering the calibration curve range (see section 5.3) in a single run. The within-run CV value should not exceed 15% for the QC samples, except for the LLOQ which should not exceed 20%
Method validation: between-run accuracy: LLOQ, low, medium, high QC samples from at least three runs analysed on at least two different days should be evaluated. The between-run CV value should not exceed 15% for the QC samples, except for the LLOQ should not exceed 20% of the nominal value.

4.3. Results

Precision QC samples
QC level Nominal concentration Mean fitted concentration SD fitted concentration Precision (% CV)
LLOQ 0.03 0.03 0.00 15.51
LOW 0.04 0.04 0.00 3.67
MID 0.41 0.45 0.02 3.98
HIGH 2.32 2.45 0.25 10.38
a concentration units = µg/mL

4.4. Conclusion (analytical run)

  • Amount of QC levels exceeding applicable tolerance ranges for precision: 0 ( 0% )
    • All QC levels confirm with applicable criteria for precision ? –> YES
  • Based on these precision criteria the analytical run is accepted

5. Range

5.1 LLOQ (lowest standard)

5.1.1. Definition

The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is the lowest concentration of analyte in a sample which can be quantified reliably, with an acceptable accuracy and precision.The LLOQ is considered the lowest calibration standard.

  • Nominal concentration lowest calibration standard = 0.02 µg/mL

5.1.2. Acceptance criteria

  1. Acceptable accuracy and precision

  2. The analyte signal of the LLOQ sample should be at least 5 times the signal of a blank sample

5.1.3. Results

Accuracy

  • See tab “calibration curve” for accuracy of the lowest calibration standard

    • LLOQ falls inside the tolerance ranges for accuracy (±20% bias)? –> YES

Signal LLOQ

  • The quantifier signal for the LLOQ is 4434, which is 44 times larger than the highest quantifier signal observed in a blank sample (101)

    • Analyte signal of the LLOQ sample is at least 5 times the signal of a blank sample? –> YES

5.1.4. Conclusion

  • Based on these criteria the LLOQ is accepted

5.2. ULOQ (highest standard)

5.2.1. Definition

The upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) is the highest concentration of analyte in a sample which can be quantified reliably, with an acceptable accuracy and precision. The LLOQ is considered the highest calibration standard

  • Nominal concentration highest calibration standard = 2.48 µg/mL

5.2.2. Acceptance criteria

  1. Acceptable accuracy and precision

  2. Carry-over in the blank sample following the ULOQ should not be greater than 20% of the LLOQ and 5% of the IS

5.2.3. Results

Accuracy

  • See tab “calibration curve” for accuracy of the highest calibration standard

    • ULOQ falls inside the tolerance ranges for accuracy (±15% bias)? –> YES

Carry-over

  • Analyte signal in carry-over blank = 56, which is 1.27 % of the analyte signal of the LLOQ
    • Carry-over of the analyte less than 20% of analyte in LLOQ? –> YES
  • IS signal in carry-over blank = 26, which is 0.03 % of the IS signal of the LLOQ
    • Carry-over of the IS less than 5%? –> YES
  • Based on these criteria there is insignificant carry-over

5.2.4. Conclusion

  • Based on these criteria the ULOQ is accepted

5.3. QC samples

5.3.1. Acceptance criteria

The QC samples should cover the calibration curve range:

QC low

  • The nominal concentration of QC low is 0.04 µg/mL
    • Nominal concentration of QC low between the LLOQ and 3 times the LLOQ? –> YES

QC mid

  • The nominal concentration of QC low is 0.41 µg/mL
    • The nominal concentration higher than QC low and lower than QC high? –> YES

QC high

  • The nominal concentration of QC high is 2.32 µg/mL
    • Nominal concentration of the QC high between 75% of the ULLOQ and the ULOQ? –> YES

6. Samples

6.1. Analytes: all study samples

All Analytical samples
Sample name Replicate Quantifier analyte Quantifier IS Response Fitted concentration range
Stability_Bench_8days 1 12686 84222 0.15 0.08 In range
Stability_Bench_8days 2 12831 86269 0.15 0.08 In range
Stability_Bench_8days 3 12334 85081 0.14 0.08 In range
Stability_Freezer_8days 1 342421 80242 4.27 2.24 In range
Stability_Freezer_8days 2 367458 81928 4.49 2.35 In range
Stability_Freezer_8days 3 360435 83641 4.31 2.26 In range
Stability_Freezethaw_8days 1 330704 83255 3.97 2.08 In range
Stability_Freezethaw_8days 2 325150 84234 3.86 2.02 In range
Stability_Freezethaw_8days 3 335758 82339 4.08 2.14 In range
Stability_Fridge_1day 1 334954 82382 4.07 2.13 In range
Stability_Fridge_1day 2 349508 82911 4.22 2.21 In range
Stability_Fridge_1day 3 340485 81931 4.16 2.18 In range
Stability_Fridge_8days 1 164701 84891 1.94 1.02 In range
Stability_Fridge_8days 2 172774 82348 2.10 1.10 In range
Stability_Fridge_8days 3 175465 85071 2.06 1.08 In range
a concentration units = µg/mL

6.2. Analytes: average of sample replicates

Average fitted concentrations of samples
Sample name Quantifier analyte Quantifier IS Response Fitted concentration SD fitted concentration Precision (% CV) range
Stability_Bench_8days 12617 85191 0.15 0.08 0.00 1.94 In range
Stability_Freezer_8days 356771 81937 4.35 2.28 0.06 2.65 In range
Stability_Freezethaw_8days 330537 83276 3.97 2.08 0.06 2.74 In range
Stability_Fridge_1day 341649 82408 4.15 2.17 0.04 1.82 In range
Stability_Fridge_8days 170980 84103 2.03 1.07 0.04 4.07 In range
a concentration units = µg/mL

6.3. Analtyical run criteria

  1. At least one blank sample (processed matrix sample without analyte and without IS)?
    • YES (7 blank samples)
  2. At least one zero sample (processed matrix sample with IS)?
    • NO (0 zero samples)
  3. At least 6 calibration levels?
    • YES (8 calibrator levels)
  4. At least 3 QC levels?
    • YES (4 QC levels)
  5. QC samples at least in duplicate or 5% of the analytical samples (whichever is greater)?
    • YES (12 QC samples)
      • 5% of the analytical samples = 0.25
      • QC levels in duplicate = 8

6.4. Distribution of analytical samples

  1. At least 2 QC sample levels within the range of concentrations measured in study samples ?
    • Evaluate visually if study-samples are analysed

7. Diagnostics

7.1. Internal standard

7.2. Peak symmetry

7.3. Retention time

7.4. S/N ratio

7.5. Quantifier/Qualifier ratio

Quantifier/qualifier ratio
Sample type Mean quant/qual ratio Min. quant/qual ratio Max. quant/qual ratio SD quant/qual ratio
Analyte 3.260 3.175 3.392 0.061
QC 3.288 3.200 3.434 0.075
Standard 3.278 3.205 3.338 0.041

7.6. Calibration model

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Std_conc_mean ~ Response_mean, data = calsum, weights = 1/(calsum$Std_conc_mean^2))
## 
## Weighted Residuals:
##       Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
## -0.085522 -0.042979 -0.006508  0.040080  0.140982 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   0.0001513  0.0022782   0.066    0.949    
## Response_mean 0.5240830  0.0196821  26.627 1.85e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.08478 on 6 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9916, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9902 
## F-statistic:   709 on 1 and 6 DF,  p-value: 1.852e-07

##  lag Autocorrelation D-W Statistic p-value
##    1       0.4696953     0.9212717   0.014
##  Alternative hypothesis: rho != 0

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

7.7. Other weighing functions

7.7.1. Summary alternative weighing functions

Summary of the different weighing models
model Inaccurate calibrators Inaccurate QC samples Inprecise QC samples
unweighed model 2 0.9982 6 0
weighed 1/x 1 0.9968 4 0
weighed 1/x² 0 0.9916 0 0

7.7.2. QC samples with alternative weighing functions

QC samples: Unweighed regression model
Level Replicate Nominal concentration (µg/mL) Fitted concentration (µg/mL) Accuracy (%) Passes accuracy criterium?
LLOQ 1 0.03 0.04 64.01 FALSE
LLOQ 2 0.03 0.05 94.23 FALSE
LLOQ 3 0.03 0.05 83.50 FALSE
LOW 1 0.04 0.06 49.37 FALSE
LOW 2 0.04 0.06 55.08 FALSE
LOW 3 0.04 0.06 56.47 FALSE
MID 1 0.41 0.44 6.40 TRUE
MID 2 0.41 0.43 4.13 TRUE
MID 3 0.41 0.46 12.04 TRUE
HIGH 1 2.32 2.06 -11.21 TRUE
HIGH 2 2.32 2.44 5.17 TRUE
HIGH 3 2.32 2.51 7.95 TRUE
a concentration units = µg/mL
Precision QC samples, unweighed model
Level Nominal concentration Mean fitted concentration SD fitted concentration Precision (%) Passes precision criterium?
LLOQ 0.03 0.05 0.00 8.48 TRUE
LOW 0.04 0.06 0.00 2.45 TRUE
MID 0.41 0.44 0.02 3.79 TRUE
HIGH 2.32 2.34 0.24 10.29 TRUE
a concentration units = µg/mL

QC samples: 1/x weighed regression model
Level Replicate Nominal concentration (µg/mL) Fitted concentration (µg/mL) Accuracy (%) Passes accuracy criterium?
LLOQ 1 0.03 0.03 0.89 TRUE
LLOQ 2 0.03 0.03 31.68 FALSE
LLOQ 3 0.03 0.03 20.75 FALSE
LOW 1 0.04 0.05 10.81 TRUE
LOW 2 0.04 0.05 16.63 FALSE
LOW 3 0.04 0.05 18.05 FALSE
MID 1 0.41 0.43 4.25 TRUE
MID 2 0.41 0.42 1.93 TRUE
MID 3 0.41 0.45 9.99 TRUE
HIGH 1 2.32 2.08 -10.29 TRUE
HIGH 2 2.32 2.47 6.40 TRUE
HIGH 3 2.32 2.54 9.23 TRUE
a concentration units = µg/mL
Precision QC samples, 1/x weighed model
Level Nominal concentration Mean fitted concentration SD fitted concentration Precision (%) Passes precision criterium?
LLOQ 0.03 0.03 0.00 13.25 TRUE
LOW 0.04 0.05 0.00 3.33 TRUE
MID 0.41 0.43 0.02 3.94 TRUE
HIGH 2.32 2.36 0.24 10.36 TRUE
a concentration units = µg/mL

8. Input

8.1. Raw Data

Raw data from Excell file
Run Order Name Type Level Replicate Injection Concentration (µg/mL) Area Quantifier Area Qualifier Area Internal Standard Response S/N Peak asymmetry Retention time analyte (minutes)
1 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_01_R1 Blank Blank 1 1 NA 46 15 32 1.43 7 0.71 1.80
2 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_01_R1 Standard CAL01 1 1 0.0248 4434 1384 95858 0.05 733 1.23 1.72
3 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_02_R1 Standard CAL02 1 1 0.0496 9316 2855 91599 0.10 1361 1.27 1.71
4 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_03_R1 Standard CAL03 1 1 0.0992 17266 5207 93729 0.18 4235 1.31 1.71
5 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_04_R1 Standard CAL04 1 1 0.2479 37317 11323 91904 0.41 5635 1.35 1.70
6 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_05_R1 Standard CAL05 1 1 0.4958 76511 23408 88372 0.87 11855 1.33 1.70
7 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_06_R1 Standard CAL06 1 1 0.9916 171455 52103 87871 1.95 21899 1.38 1.70
8 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_07_R1 Standard CAL07 1 1 1.9832 344789 103296 83942 4.11 16643 1.42 1.70
9 200528_AMOXCAL08_CAL_08_R1 Standard CAL08 1 1 2.4790 394914 121498 81111 4.87 17974 1.44 1.70
10 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_02_R1 Blank Carryover 1 1 NA 56 18 26 2.21 2 1.11 1.69
11 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_LLOQ_01_R1 QC LLOQ 1 1 0.0258 3749 1127 88031 0.04 289 1.30 1.70
12 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_LLOQ_02_R1 QC LLOQ 2 1 0.0258 5017 1531 85983 0.06 798 1.28 1.71
13 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_LLOQ_03_R1 QC LLOQ 3 1 0.0258 4614 1442 87471 0.05 614 1.31 1.69
14 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_low_01_R1 QC LOW 1 1 0.0413 7016 2072 85835 0.08 1236 1.36 1.68
15 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_low_02_R1 QC LOW 2 1 0.0413 7239 2240 83686 0.09 1202 1.31 1.68
16 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_low_03_R1 QC LOW 3 1 0.0413 7566 2203 86299 0.09 1821 1.33 1.68
17 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_mid_01_R1 QC MID 1 1 0.4127 73389 22641 86904 0.84 8667 1.36 1.68
18 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_mid_02_R1 QC MID 2 1 0.4127 70189 21287 85028 0.83 9156 1.33 1.67
19 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_mid_03_R1 QC MID 3 1 0.4127 75202 22349 84358 0.89 6194 1.34 1.67
20 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_high_01_R1 QC HIGH 1 1 2.3213 338570 104452 82132 4.12 36683 1.48 1.67
21 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_high_02_R1 QC HIGH 2 1 2.3213 386393 118776 79008 4.89 12878 1.46 1.67
22 200528_AMOXCAL08_QC_high_03_R1 QC HIGH 3 1 2.3213 401925 125500 80051 5.02 11723 1.44 1.68
23 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_03_R1 Blank Blank 2 1 NA 58 20 43 1.35 2 1.37 1.66
24 200528_STAB_BENCH_01_R1 Analyte Stability_Bench_8days 1 1 2.1488 12686 3740 84222 0.15 848 1.30 1.68
25 200528_STAB_BENCH_02_R1 Analyte Stability_Bench_8days 2 1 2.1488 12831 3928 86269 0.15 1003 1.30 1.67
26 200528_STAB_BENCH_03_R1 Analyte Stability_Bench_8days 3 1 2.1488 12334 3833 85081 0.14 956 1.31 1.68
27 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_04_R1 Blank Blank 3 1 NA 52 16 40 1.30 6 1.23 1.66
28 200528_STAB_FRIDGE8days_01_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_8days 1 1 2.1488 164701 50514 84891 1.94 21655 1.37 1.67
29 200528_STAB_FRIDGE8days_02_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_8days 2 1 2.1488 172774 51581 82348 2.10 10854 1.38 1.68
30 200528_STAB_FRIDGE8days_03_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_8days 3 1 2.1488 175465 53779 85071 2.06 10793 1.38 1.68
31 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_05_R1 Blank Blank 4 1 NA 50 18 44 1.12 3 1.41 1.67
32 200528_STAB_FRIDGE1day_01_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_1day 1 1 2.1488 334954 105488 82382 4.07 59064 1.44 1.67
33 200528_STAB_FRIDGE1day_02_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_1day 2 1 2.1488 349508 105844 82911 4.22 10546 1.46 1.67
34 200528_STAB_FRIDGE1day_03_R1 Analyte Stability_Fridge_1day 3 1 2.1488 340485 105837 81931 4.16 9358 1.47 1.67
35 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_06_R1 Blank Blank 5 1 NA 82 19 33 2.48 2 1.26 1.67
36 200528_STAB_FREEZETHAW_01_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezethaw_8days 1 1 2.1488 330704 103388 83255 3.97 22157 1.46 1.67
37 200528_STAB_FREEZETHAW_02_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezethaw_8days 2 1 2.1488 325150 101190 84234 3.86 9197 1.48 1.67
38 200528_STAB_FREEZETHAW_03_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezethaw_8days 3 1 2.1488 335758 101019 82339 4.08 7244 1.42 1.66
39 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_07_R1 Blank Blank 6 1 NA 101 26 38 2.63 3 1.35 1.67
40 200528_STAB_FREEZER_01_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezer_8days 1 1 2.1488 342421 105928 80242 4.27 21583 1.46 1.66
41 200528_STAB_FREEZER_02_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezer_8days 2 1 2.1488 367458 111861 81928 4.49 8912 1.50 1.67
42 200528_STAB_FREEZER_03_R1 Analyte Stability_Freezer_8days 3 1 2.1488 360435 112499 83641 4.31 12716 1.51 1.66
43 200528_AMOXCAL08_BLANK_08_R1 Blank Blank NA 1 NA 85 19 46 1.87 2 1.51 1.66

Version A.3.

Creator Rmarkdown script: Pieter-Jan De Sutter (Ghent University)